縱梁（也叫長(zhǎng)縱梁）是縱向上比較細(xì)長(zhǎng)的構(gòu)件，與蒙皮相連，起到支撐蒙皮的作用。一般也與翼肋相連，由翼肋支撐。縱梁是縱向骨架中重要的受力構(gòu)件之一，承受機(jī)翼彎矩產(chǎn)生的軸向力和局部氣動(dòng)力產(chǎn)生的剪力。這些力的大小取決于翼型的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，并決定了縱梁的橫截面形狀和面積。
Longitudinal beam (also known as long longitudinal beam) is a relatively slender member in the longitudinal direction, which is connected with the skin and plays the role of supporting the skin. Generally, it is also connected with the wing rib and supported by the wing rib. The longitudinal beam is one of the important stressed members in the longitudinal skeleton, which bears the axial force generated by the wing bending moment and the shear force generated by the local aerodynamic force. The magnitude of these forces depends on the structural form of the airfoil and determines the cross-sectional shape and area of the longitudinal beam.
梁根據(jù)切口的形狀有開(kāi)截面和閉截面，按制造方法有板彎梁和擠壓梁。翼型光滑，易于固定在皮膚和其他部件上。板彎曲閉合輪廓，可增加輪廓和蒙皮壓縮的臨界應(yīng)力。擠壓型材的腹板通常比板彎型材厚，在其他條件相同的情況下，其臨界應(yīng)力較高，但難以與蒙皮（尤其是大曲率的蒙皮）緊固。
According to the shape of the notch, the beam has open section and closed section, and according to the manufacturing method, there are plate bending beam and extrusion beam. The airfoil is smooth and easy to fix on the skin and other parts. Bending the closed contour of the plate can increase the critical stress of the contour and skin compression. The web of extruded profile is usually thicker than that of plate bending profile. Under the same other conditions, its critical stress is high, but it is difficult to fasten with the skin (especially the skin with large curvature).
晶石
Spar
翼梁由梁的腹板和邊緣（或翼緣）組成，大部分與中翼截面或與機(jī)身固定在根部，截面為I-形或槽形。梁是簡(jiǎn)單的受力構(gòu)件，邊承受彎矩M。由拉伸和壓縮引起的軸向力。由支柱加筋的腹板承受剪力Q，能承受力矩Mt引起的剪流，
The wing beam is composed of the web and edge (or flange) of the beam, most of which are fixed at the root with the middle wing section or with the fuselage, and the section is I-shaped or groove shaped. The beam is a simple stressed member, and the side bears the bending moment M. Axial force caused by tension and compression. The web reinforced by the column bears the shear force Q and can bear the shear flow caused by the moment Mt,
在這兩種情況下，翼型周邊都是封閉和剪切的。在某些結(jié)構(gòu)形式中，它是翼型的主要縱向受力構(gòu)件，承受翼型的全部或大部分彎矩。
In both cases, the periphery of the airfoil is closed and sheared. In some structural forms, it is the main longitudinal load-bearing member of the airfoil, bearing all or most of the bending moments of the airfoil.
夾層箱結(jié)構(gòu)主要針對(duì)厚度相對(duì)較小的翼型，上下夾層蒙皮的內(nèi)板靠得太近，造成全厚度夾層或全填充夾層結(jié)構(gòu)。它是一種夾層箱翼，以泡沫為填充物。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，除了機(jī)翼的和根部外，沒(méi)有設(shè)置其他肋條。上蒙皮通過(guò)芯體由下蒙皮支撐，應(yīng)力水平高，結(jié)構(gòu)重量輕；但該結(jié)構(gòu)不能在內(nèi)部裝載，一般用于空載的外翼結(jié)構(gòu)。
Sandwich box structure is mainly for airfoils with relatively small thickness. The inner plates of the upper and lower sandwich skins are too close, resulting in full thickness sandwich or full filled sandwich structure. It is a sandwich box wing filled with foam. In this structure, there are no other ribs except the tip and root of the wing. The upper skin is supported by the lower skin through the core, with high stress level and light structural weight; However, this structure cannot be loaded internally, and is generally used for unloaded outer wing structures.
機(jī)翼由于速度不同，飛機(jī)類型不同，一般有多種不同的平面形狀，分別有直翼、后掠翼和三角翼。例如，直翼主要用于低速飛機(jī)，后掠翼主要用于高亞音速和超音速飛機(jī)，三角翼和小展弦比直翼用于超音速飛機(jī)。
Due to different speeds and aircraft types, wings generally have many different plane shapes, including straight wings, swept wings and delta wings. For example, straight wings are mainly used for low-speed aircraft, swept wings are mainly used for high subsonic and supersonic aircraft, delta wings and small aspect ratio straight wings are used for supersonic aircraft.
大型航空模型制作廠家提醒您，不同類型的翼型通常使用不同形式的翼型結(jié)構(gòu)。即使是同一類型的扁平型材，其結(jié)構(gòu)形式也會(huì)因具體的設(shè)計(jì)要求而有所不同。
Large aircraft model manufacturers remind you that different types of airfoils usually use different forms of airfoil structures. Even for the same type of flat profile, its structural form will vary according to specific design requirements.
從現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)的翼型結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，薄皮梁結(jié)構(gòu)很少使用。大型高亞音速現(xiàn)代運(yùn)輸機(jī)和部分超音速戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)采用多波束整體結(jié)構(gòu)；馬赫數(shù)較大的超音速戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，多采用多壁（或多梁）機(jī)翼結(jié)構(gòu)，或采用混合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如，在根部要開(kāi)孔的部分采用橫梁式，在較薄的外端采用單塊式，以增加剛度。
Judging from the airfoil structure of modern aircraft, thin skin beam structure is rarely used. Large high subsonic modern transport aircraft and some supersonic fighters adopt multi beam integral structure; Supersonic fighters with large Mach number usually adopt multi wall (or multi beam) wing structure or hybrid structure. For example, the part to be perforated at the root adopts the beam type, and the thin outer end adopts the single block type to increase the stiffness.
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